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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Anfangswertproblem</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Als <b>Anfangswertproblem</b> (abgekürzt <b>AWP</b>), manchmal auch <b>Anfangswertaufgabe</b> (abgekürzt AWA) oder <b>Cauchy-Problem</b> genannt, bezeichnet man in der <a href="Analysis" title="Analysis">Analysis</a> eine wichtige Klasse von Differentialgleichungsproblemen. Die Lösung eines Anfangswertproblems ist die Lösung der Differentialgleichung unter zusätzlicher Berücksichtigung eines vorgegebenen <a href="Anfangsbedingung" title="Anfangsbedingung">Anfangswertes</a>.
</p><p>In diesem Artikel wird das Anfangswertproblem zunächst für <a href="Gew%C3%B6hnliche_Differentialgleichung" title="Gewöhnliche Differentialgleichung">gewöhnliche Differentialgleichungen</a> und später auch für <a href="Partielle_Differentialgleichung" title="Partielle Differentialgleichung">partielle Differentialgleichungen</a> erklärt.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gewöhnliche_Differentialgleichungen"><span id="Gew.C3.B6hnliche_Differentialgleichungen"></span>Gewöhnliche Differentialgleichungen</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anfangswertproblem_1._Ordnung">Anfangswertproblem 1. Ordnung</h3></div>
<p>Ein Anfangswertproblem erster Ordnung ist ein <a href="Gleichung#Gleichungssysteme" title="Gleichung">Gleichungssystem</a>, das aus einer gewöhnlichen Differentialgleichung erster Ordnung
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y'(t)=f(t,y(t))}">
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<mi>y</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y'(t)=f(t,y(t))}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d4cd2c88e9d832c0b7f6c3896ff022142d2239aa.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.358ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y'(t)=f(t,y(t))}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>und einer zusätzlichen Anfangsbedingung
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y(t_{0})=y_{0}}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y(t_{0})=y_{0}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3ba6cc4b1d5692b5d384b9e1f93705ae00f05cbc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.151ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y(t_{0})=y_{0}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>besteht, mit
</p>
<ul><li>dem <i>Anfangswert</i> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y_{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
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</msub>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y_{0}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6d943dbbb0b56ca750c4d62c5b54b4ae29a773da.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.193ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y_{0}}" loading="lazy"></span> und</li>
<li>einem Zeitpunkt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t_{0}\in \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t_{0}\in \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e6f2746f08e55c6d47f27d4d99d5558165aca0f7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.413ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t_{0}\in \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span>.</li></ul>
<p>Eine konkrete <a href="Funktion_(Mathematik)" title="Funktion (Mathematik)">Funktion</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b8a6208ec717213d4317e666f1ae872e00620a0d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.155ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y}" loading="lazy"></span> ist eine Lösung des Anfangswertproblems, wenn sie beide Gleichungen erfüllt.
</p><p>Gesucht ist also eine Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>y</mi>
</mstyle>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b8a6208ec717213d4317e666f1ae872e00620a0d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.155ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y}" loading="lazy"></span>, die die Bedingungen der Differentialgleichung und des Anfangswertes erfüllt. Ist die Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> stetig, so ist dies nach dem <a href="Fundamentalsatz_der_Analysis" title="Fundamentalsatz der Analysis">Hauptsatz der Integralrechnung</a> genau dann der Fall, wenn
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y(t)=y_{0}+\int _{t_{0}}^{t}f(s,y(s))\,ds}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>y</mi>
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<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>d</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y(t)=y_{0}+\int _{t_{0}}^{t}f(s,y(s))\,ds}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c2f30c340324125f72743569438bdd7d56e67f2f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:27.575ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y(t)=y_{0}+\int _{t_{0}}^{t}f(s,y(s))\,ds}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
</mstyle>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}" loading="lazy"></span> im Definitionsintervall gilt.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anfangswertproblem_k-ter_Ordnung">Anfangswertproblem <i>k</i>-ter Ordnung</h3></div>
<p>Gegeben seien <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k\in \mathbb {N} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi>
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</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k\in \mathbb {N} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2a5bc4b7383031ba693b7433198ead7170954c1d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.73ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k\in \mathbb {N} }" loading="lazy"></span> und eine Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\colon D\rightarrow \mathbb {R} ^{n}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
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<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
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</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\colon D\rightarrow \mathbb {R} ^{n}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9037f838e503eab45ddffbb7b3163b16a51fc1ac.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.747ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\colon D\rightarrow \mathbb {R} ^{n}}" loading="lazy"></span>. Ihr <a href="Definitionsbereich" class="mw-redirect" title="Definitionsbereich">Definitionsbereich</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle D}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>D</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle D}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f34a0c600395e5d4345287e21fb26efd386990e6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.924ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle D}" loading="lazy"></span> sei hierbei eine <a href="Teilmenge" title="Teilmenge">Teilmenge</a> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I\times \mathbb {R} ^{n\times k}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
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<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mi>k</mi>
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</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I\times \mathbb {R} ^{n\times k}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0843be5693e66eaec9bb72821fe654f9c54e56c0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:9.044ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I\times \mathbb {R} ^{n\times k}}" loading="lazy"></span>, worin <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I\subset \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>⊂<!-- ⊂ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
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</mstyle>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I\subset \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e5cde0281fd5d2d1b103f9430aab29b7c2a2e324.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.948ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I\subset \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span> ein <a href="Intervall_(Mathematik)" title="Intervall (Mathematik)">Intervall</a> bezeichnet, welches <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t_{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
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</msub>
</mstyle>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t_{0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/02d3006c4190b1939b04d9b9bb21006fb4e6fa4a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.894ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t_{0}}" loading="lazy"></span> umfasst. Dann heißt
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{cases}y^{(k)}&amp;=f(t,y(t),y'(t),\dotsc ,y^{(k-1)}(t))\\y^{(i)}(t_{0})&amp;=y_{i}\qquad \mathrm {mit} \;i=0,\dotsc ,k-1\end{cases}}}">
<semantics>
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<mo>=</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
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<mo>,</mo>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{cases}y^{(k)}&amp;=f(t,y(t),y'(t),\dotsc ,y^{(k-1)}(t))\\y^{(i)}(t_{0})&amp;=y_{i}\qquad \mathrm {mit} \;i=0,\dotsc ,k-1\end{cases}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b069b2214e9ba001c3b5b673457b29af1802ab94.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:41.963ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{cases}y^{(k)}&amp;=f(t,y(t),y'(t),\dotsc ,y^{(k-1)}(t))\\y^{(i)}(t_{0})&amp;=y_{i}\qquad \mathrm {mit} \;i=0,\dotsc ,k-1\end{cases}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>ein Anfangswertproblem <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span>-ter Ordnung. Jedes Anfangswertproblem <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span>-ter Ordnung lässt sich umschreiben in ein Anfangswertproblem 1.&nbsp;Ordnung.
</p><p>Ein spezielles Anfangswertproblem ist das <a href="Riemann-Problem" title="Riemann-Problem">Riemann-Problem</a>, bei dem die Anfangsdaten konstant sind bis auf eine <a href="Unstetigkeitsstelle" title="Unstetigkeitsstelle">Unstetigkeitsstelle</a>.
</p><p>Anfangswertprobleme treten z.&nbsp;B. in den <a href="Naturwissenschaft" title="Naturwissenschaft">Naturwissenschaften</a> auf, wenn ein <a href="Mathematisches_Modell" title="Mathematisches Modell">mathematisches Modell</a> für natürliche Prozesse gesucht wird.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lösbarkeit"><span id="L.C3.B6sbarkeit"></span>Lösbarkeit</h3></div>
<p>Wichtige Sätze, die die Lösbarkeit von Anfangswertproblemen für gewöhnliche Differentialgleichungen betreffen, sind der (lokale) <a href="Existenzsatz_von_Peano" class="mw-redirect" title="Existenzsatz von Peano">Existenzsatz von Peano</a> und der <a href="Satz_von_Picard-Lindel%C3%B6f" title="Satz von Picard-Lindelöf">Existenz- und Eindeutigkeitssatz von Picard-Lindelöf</a>. Ein Hilfsmittel ist die <a href="Gr%C3%B6nwallsche_Ungleichung" class="mw-redirect" title="Grönwallsche Ungleichung">grönwallsche Ungleichung</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beispiel">Beispiel</h3></div>
<p>Das Anfangswertproblem
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y'(t)=2\cdot \operatorname {sgn}(y(t))\cdot {\sqrt {|y(t)|}}\ ,\ y(0)=0\ ,}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
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<mi>y</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
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<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>sgn</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mo>,</mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y'(t)=2\cdot \operatorname {sgn}(y(t))\cdot {\sqrt {|y(t)|}}\ ,\ y(0)=0\ ,}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bb4741d01725a2a89a4eab6cdbbd46331e8715dd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:40.331ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y'(t)=2\cdot \operatorname {sgn} (y(t))\cdot {\sqrt {|y(t)|}}\ ,\ y(0)=0\ ,}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>welches zu
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(t,x):=2\cdot \operatorname {sgn}(x)\cdot {\sqrt {|x|}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>sgn</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
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<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(t,x):=2\cdot \operatorname {sgn}(x)\cdot {\sqrt {|x|}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/41a4f36a6d007e48c9a15c018fb3525705fc6c52.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:26.014ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(t,x):=2\cdot \operatorname {sgn} (x)\cdot {\sqrt {|x|}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>korrespondiert, hat unendlich viele Lösungen, nämlich neben der trivialen Lösung
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y(t)\equiv 0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≡<!-- ≡ --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y(t)\equiv 0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d94caa4024dd9bb33bd7410a99483455b6729eb6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.065ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y(t)\equiv 0}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>auch noch für jedes <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c\geq 0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>c</mi>
<mo>≥<!-- ≥ --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c\geq 0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f5bacf524070fd3832229ef1b522442e3a2fb8e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:5.268ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c\geq 0}" loading="lazy"></span> die Lösungen
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y(t)=\left\{{\begin{array}{ll}0\ ,&amp;{\text{falls}}\ t<c\ ,\\(t-c)^{2}\ ,&amp;{\text{falls}}\ t\geq c\ ,\\\end{array}}\right.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>{</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="left left" rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>falls</mtext>
</mrow>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>falls</mtext>
</mrow>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>≥<!-- ≥ --></mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
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</mrow>
<mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y(t)=\left\{{\begin{array}{ll}0\ ,&amp;{\text{falls}}\ t&lt;c\ ,\\(t-c)^{2}\ ,&amp;{\text{falls}}\ t\geq c\ ,\\\end{array}}\right.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/127ae169226fc555afc0c8a2f05d1c23e9871e13.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:31.335ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y(t)=\left\{{\begin{array}{ll}0\ ,&amp;{\text{falls}}\ t<c\ ,\\(t-c)^{2}\ ,&amp;{\text{falls}}\ t\geq c\ ,\\\end{array}}\right.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>sowie
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y(t)=\left\{{\begin{array}{ll}0\ ,&amp;{\text{falls}}\ t<c\ ,\\-(t-c)^{2}\ ,&amp;{\text{falls}}\ t\geq c\ .\\\end{array}}\right.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>{</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="left left" rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>falls</mtext>
</mrow>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>falls</mtext>
</mrow>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>≥<!-- ≥ --></mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
<mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y(t)=\left\{{\begin{array}{ll}0\ ,&amp;{\text{falls}}\ t&lt;c\ ,\\-(t-c)^{2}\ ,&amp;{\text{falls}}\ t\geq c\ .\\\end{array}}\right.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a15ded01356e75c010025dfa73b6fb884881bf7e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:33.143ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y(t)=\left\{{\begin{array}{ll}0\ ,&amp;{\text{falls}}\ t<c\ ,\\-(t-c)^{2}\ ,&amp;{\text{falls}}\ t\geq c\ .\\\end{array}}\right.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Damit Anfangswertprobleme eindeutige Lösungen besitzen, sind Zusatzeigenschaften (an <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span>) nachzuweisen. Dies kann beispielsweise über den <a href="Satz_von_Picard-Lindel%C3%B6f" title="Satz von Picard-Lindelöf">Satz von Picard-Lindelöf</a> geschehen, dessen Voraussetzungen in diesem Beispiel jedoch nicht erfüllt werden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numerische_Lösungsmethoden"><span id="Numerische_L.C3.B6sungsmethoden"></span>Numerische Lösungsmethoden</h3></div>
<p>Zur <a href="Numerische_Mathematik" title="Numerische Mathematik">numerischen Lösung</a> von Anfangswertproblemen werden <a href="Einschrittverfahren" title="Einschrittverfahren">Einschritt-</a> oder <a href="Mehrschrittverfahren" title="Mehrschrittverfahren">Mehrschrittverfahren</a> eingesetzt. Dabei wird die Differentialgleichung mittels einer <a href="Diskretisierung" title="Diskretisierung">Diskretisierung</a> approximiert.
</p><p><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \to }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \to }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1daab843254cfcb23a643070cf93f3badc4fbbbd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.324ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \to }" loading="lazy"></span> Siehe Berechnungsbeispiel Anfangswertproblem in <a href="Differenzengleichung_(Differenzenverfahren)" title="Differenzengleichung (Differenzenverfahren)">Differenzengleichung (Differenzenverfahren)</a>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partielle_Differentialgleichungen">Partielle Differentialgleichungen</h2></div>
<p>Verallgemeinert man das Cauchy-Problem auf mehrere Veränderliche, etwa <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span> Veränderliche <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{1},\dotsc ,x_{n}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{1},\dotsc ,x_{n}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/043a9851e76aa50d9939db2bcdd6718c3c325743.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.11ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{1},\dotsc ,x_{n}}" loading="lazy"></span>, so erhält man <a href="Partielle_Differentialgleichung" title="Partielle Differentialgleichung">partielle Differentialgleichungen</a>. Im Folgenden stehe <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha \in \mathbb {N} _{0}^{n}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha \in \mathbb {N} _{0}^{n}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b4323681a6fd393e31e678996352f9162ea5a91e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.225ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha \in \mathbb {N} _{0}^{n}}" loading="lazy"></span> für einen <a href="Multiindex" title="Multiindex">Multiindex</a> der Länge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span>. Beachte, dass es genau <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tbinom {n+k-1}{k}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OPEN">
<mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em">(</mo>
</mrow>
<mfrac linethickness="0">
<mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
</mfrac>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-CLOSE">
<mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tbinom {n+k-1}{k}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/72a956ad569ff4b120a96aff4a6f8de31b4961ce.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:7.352ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tbinom {n+k-1}{k}}}" loading="lazy"></span> Multiindizes mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |\alpha |:=\alpha _{1}+\dotsb +\alpha _{n}\leq k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>:=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |\alpha |:=\alpha _{1}+\dotsb +\alpha _{n}\leq k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5e0a54cb43ed511da1f4ca654b76fbd5a978fcef.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:24.488ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |\alpha |:=\alpha _{1}+\dotsb +\alpha _{n}\leq k}" loading="lazy"></span> gibt. Es sei weiter eine Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>F</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/545fd099af8541605f7ee55f08225526be88ce57.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.741ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F}" loading="lazy"></span> in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n+{\tbinom {n+k-1}{k}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OPEN">
<mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em">(</mo>
</mrow>
<mfrac linethickness="0">
<mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
</mfrac>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-CLOSE">
<mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n+{\tbinom {n+k-1}{k}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f9474c2810dc8ea8b1b9343d7c21e6f161986f32.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:11.587ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n+{\tbinom {n+k-1}{k}}}" loading="lazy"></span> Variablen gegeben. Beim allgemeinen Cauchy-Problem sucht man nach Funktionen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle u}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>u</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle u}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3e6bb763d22c20916ed4f0bb6bd49d7470cffd8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle u}" loading="lazy"></span>, die von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span> Variablen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{1},\dotsc ,x_{n}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{1},\dotsc ,x_{n}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/043a9851e76aa50d9939db2bcdd6718c3c325743.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.11ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{1},\dotsc ,x_{n}}" loading="lazy"></span> abhängen und die Gleichung
</p>
<dl><dd>(1) <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F(x,(\partial ^{\alpha }u(x))_{|\alpha |\leq k)})\,=\,0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>F</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>=</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F(x,(\partial ^{\alpha }u(x))_{|\alpha |\leq k)})\,=\,0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/39f351d24f6cac443be29e1e034729f2c542d219.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:24.828ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F(x,(\partial ^{\alpha }u(x))_{|\alpha |\leq k)})\,=\,0}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>erfüllen. Beachte, dass die <a href="Stelligkeit" title="Stelligkeit">Stelligkeit</a> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>F</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/545fd099af8541605f7ee55f08225526be88ce57.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.741ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F}" loading="lazy"></span> gerade so gewählt wurde, dass man <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x=(x_{1},\dotsc ,x_{n})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x=(x_{1},\dotsc ,x_{n})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2e62f4021e47215bda390a462b54fd4d77087fc0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.348ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x=(x_{1},\dotsc ,x_{n})}" loading="lazy"></span> und alle partiellen Ableitungen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \partial ^{\alpha }u(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \partial ^{\alpha }u(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/12415e68343e4830529c89190902ee74b99371fd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.096ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \partial ^{\alpha }u(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> einsetzen kann. Darüber hinaus fordert man, dass die gesuchten Funktionen den im Folgenden beschriebenen sogenannten Anfangs- bzw. Randbedingungen genügen. Zu deren Formulierung sei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>S</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4611d85173cd3b508e67077d4a1252c9c05abca2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.499ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S}" loading="lazy"></span> eine <a href="Hyperfl%C3%A4che" title="Hyperfläche">Hyperfläche</a> der Klasse <a href="Funktionenraum" title="Funktionenraum">C<sup>k</sup></a> mit <a href="Normalenvektor" title="Normalenvektor">Normalenfeld</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nu }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ν<!-- ν --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nu }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c15bbbb971240cf328aba572178f091684585468.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.232ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nu }" loading="lazy"></span>. Mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \partial _{\nu }^{j}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>ν<!-- ν --></mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \partial _{\nu }^{j}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3f44cff80be3bd881c9d89149ee095df450b79a5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.338ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \partial _{\nu }^{j}}" loading="lazy"></span> seien die <a href="Normalenableitung" class="mw-redirect" title="Normalenableitung">Normalenableitungen</a> bezeichnet. Sind dann <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varphi _{0},\dotsc ,\varphi _{k-1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varphi _{0},\dotsc ,\varphi _{k-1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/332c3bdd205f8e85083c5f82f251ba52e659092f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.462ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varphi _{0},\dotsc ,\varphi _{k-1}}" loading="lazy"></span> vorgegebene auf <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>S</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4611d85173cd3b508e67077d4a1252c9c05abca2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.499ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S}" loading="lazy"></span> definierte Funktionen, so fordert man beim allgemeinen Cauchy-Problem, dass die Funktionen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle u}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>u</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle u}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3e6bb763d22c20916ed4f0bb6bd49d7470cffd8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle u}" loading="lazy"></span> zusätzlich die Bedingungen
</p>
<dl><dd>(2) <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle u=\varphi _{0},\,\partial _{\nu }u=\varphi _{1},\,\dotsc ,\,\partial _{\nu }^{k-1}u=\varphi _{k-1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>u</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>ν<!-- ν --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>ν<!-- ν --></mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle u=\varphi _{0},\,\partial _{\nu }u=\varphi _{1},\,\dotsc ,\,\partial _{\nu }^{k-1}u=\varphi _{k-1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7ef111199dd714d1202d88b3cab9187d2d1065a7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:37.387ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle u=\varphi _{0},\,\partial _{\nu }u=\varphi _{1},\,\dotsc ,\,\partial _{\nu }^{k-1}u=\varphi _{k-1}}" loading="lazy"></span> auf <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>S</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4611d85173cd3b508e67077d4a1252c9c05abca2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.499ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>erfüllen. Die Funktionen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varphi _{j}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varphi _{j}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b4c39184756ccaadc76f44eb6d74a8ed59197a48.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.43ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varphi _{j}}" loading="lazy"></span> heißen die Cauchy-Daten des Problems, jede Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle u}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>u</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle u}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3e6bb763d22c20916ed4f0bb6bd49d7470cffd8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle u}" loading="lazy"></span>, die beide Bedingungen (1) und (2) erfüllt, heißt eine Lösung des Cauchy-Problems.
</p><p>Durch eine geeignete <a href="Koordinatentransformation" title="Koordinatentransformation">Koordinatentransformation</a> kann man sich auf den Fall <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S=\{x=(x_{1},\dotsc ,x_{n});\,x_{n}=0\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>;</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S=\{x=(x_{1},\dotsc ,x_{n});\,x_{n}=0\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8736255cd90a15545dbdb2d9227a2fecfb3bfbd4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:31.5ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S=\{x=(x_{1},\dotsc ,x_{n});\,x_{n}=0\}}" loading="lazy"></span> zurückziehen. Dann spielt die letzte Variable eine Sonderrolle, denn die Anfangsbedingungen sind dort gegeben, wo diese Variable 0 ist. Da diese Variable in vielen Anwendungen als Zeit interpretiert wird, benennt man sie gern in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}" loading="lazy"></span> (lateinisch tempus = Zeit) um, die Anfangsbedingungen beschreiben dann die Verhältnisse zum Zeitpunkt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t=0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t=0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/43469ec032d858feae5aa87029e22eaaf0109e9c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.101ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t=0}" loading="lazy"></span>. Die Variablen sind also <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{1},\dotsc ,x_{n-1},t}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{1},\dotsc ,x_{n-1},t}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6c85a327e5df982f010c5781668f5ac7158d8cb9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:14.084ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{1},\dotsc ,x_{n-1},t}" loading="lazy"></span>. Da die betrachtete <a href="Hyperebene" title="Hyperebene">Hyperebene</a> durch die Bedingung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t=0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t=0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/43469ec032d858feae5aa87029e22eaaf0109e9c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.101ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t=0}" loading="lazy"></span> gegeben ist, wird die Normalenableitung einfach zur Ableitung nach <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}" loading="lazy"></span>. Schreibt man abkürzend <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x=(x_{1},\dotsc ,x_{n-1})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x=(x_{1},\dotsc ,x_{n-1})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5ca9ef614fb4121f9f8d5e31240c8abf5a611eff.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.448ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x=(x_{1},\dotsc ,x_{n-1})}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha =(\alpha _{1},\dotsc ,\alpha _{n-1})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha =(\alpha _{1},\dotsc ,\alpha _{n-1})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/105d3bdcf1f858ab42d0dd744af1a8a840797831.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.922ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha =(\alpha _{1},\dotsc ,\alpha _{n-1})}" loading="lazy"></span>, so lautet das Cauchy-Problem nun
</p>
<dl><dd>(1') <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F(x,t,(\partial _{x}^{\alpha }\partial _{t}^{j}u(x,t))_{|\alpha |+j\leq k)})\,=\,0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>F</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>=</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F(x,t,(\partial _{x}^{\alpha }\partial _{t}^{j}u(x,t))_{|\alpha |+j\leq k)})\,=\,0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cd05893412226f2b87b41ff66eec9897a4d4dc0b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:32.784ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F(x,t,(\partial _{x}^{\alpha }\partial _{t}^{j}u(x,t))_{|\alpha |+j\leq k)})\,=\,0}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd>(2') <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle u(x,0)=\varphi _{0}(x),\,\partial _{t}u(x,0)=\varphi _{1}(x),\,\dotsc ,\,\partial _{t}^{k-1}u(x,0)=\varphi _{k-1}(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle u(x,0)=\varphi _{0}(x),\,\partial _{t}u(x,0)=\varphi _{1}(x),\,\dotsc ,\,\partial _{t}^{k-1}u(x,0)=\varphi _{k-1}(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/884ce6d5e2c1d74b8710cfebed46acdb73541fa7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:62.532ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle u(x,0)=\varphi _{0}(x),\,\partial _{t}u(x,0)=\varphi _{1}(x),\,\dotsc ,\,\partial _{t}^{k-1}u(x,0)=\varphi _{k-1}(x)}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Ein typisches Beispiel ist etwa die dreidimensionale <a href="Wellengleichung" title="Wellengleichung">Wellengleichung</a>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \partial _{t}^{2}u-c^{2}\cdot \Delta u=f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>c</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ<!-- Δ --></mi>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \partial _{t}^{2}u-c^{2}\cdot \Delta u=f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/77414b3d7b72fb386c34e75552070138349fc452.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:17.95ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \partial _{t}^{2}u-c^{2}\cdot \Delta u=f}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle u(x,0)=\varphi _{0}(x),\,\partial _{t}u(x,0)=\varphi _{1}(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle u(x,0)=\varphi _{0}(x),\,\partial _{t}u(x,0)=\varphi _{1}(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/569f3eb1f5a62c82ae29ea6678765cc940923bdc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:34.435ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle u(x,0)=\varphi _{0}(x),\,\partial _{t}u(x,0)=\varphi _{1}(x)}" loading="lazy"></span>,</dd></dl>
<p>wobei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>c</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/86a67b81c2de995bd608d5b2df50cd8cd7d92455.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.007ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c}" loading="lazy"></span> eine Konstante, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> eine vorgegebene Funktion und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta =\partial _{x_{1}}^{2}+\partial _{x_{2}}^{2}+\partial _{x_{3}}^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ<!-- Δ --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta =\partial _{x_{1}}^{2}+\partial _{x_{2}}^{2}+\partial _{x_{3}}^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/214b06637a501b873a8ecb6aa51fc78d4be9fc89.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:20.431ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta =\partial _{x_{1}}^{2}+\partial _{x_{2}}^{2}+\partial _{x_{3}}^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> der <a href="Laplace-Operator" title="Laplace-Operator">Laplace-Operator</a> seien.
</p><p>Ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle u}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>u</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle u}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3e6bb763d22c20916ed4f0bb6bd49d7470cffd8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle u}" loading="lazy"></span> eine Lösung, was gleichzeitig ausreichende Differenzierbarkeit implizieren soll, so sind alle Ableitungen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \partial _{x}^{\alpha }\partial _{t}^{j}u(x,0)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \partial _{x}^{\alpha }\partial _{t}^{j}u(x,0)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bc58c4821cd358ed4f595ae9b36ca41be3a31c0d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:11.545ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \partial _{x}^{\alpha }\partial _{t}^{j}u(x,0)}" loading="lazy"></span> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |\alpha |+j\leq k,j<k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |\alpha |+j\leq k,j&lt;k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5e87b6eea7d45ff3d907da4b1c6fbcb1f0d441b8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:17.191ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |\alpha |+j\leq k,j<k}" loading="lazy"></span> bereits durch die Cauchy-Daten vorgegeben, denn es ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \partial _{x}^{\alpha }\partial _{t}^{j}u(x,0)=\partial _{x}^{\alpha }\varphi _{j}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \partial _{x}^{\alpha }\partial _{t}^{j}u(x,0)=\partial _{x}^{\alpha }\varphi _{j}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/464c8d5ca72bc44992c46387b3a694c2dc343944.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:19.701ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \partial _{x}^{\alpha }\partial _{t}^{j}u(x,0)=\partial _{x}^{\alpha }\varphi _{j}}" loading="lazy"></span>. Lediglich die Ableitung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \partial _{t}^{k}u}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>u</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \partial _{t}^{k}u}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a9e4dd19039d27d228c469ee027c9c11993d2711.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.762ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \partial _{t}^{k}u}" loading="lazy"></span> ist nicht durch (2') festgelegt, hier kann also nur (1') eine Bedingung stellen. Damit (1') tatsächlich eine nicht-triviale Bedingung und damit das Cauchy-Problem nicht von vornherein <a href="Korrekt_gestelltes_Problem" title="Korrekt gestelltes Problem">schlecht gestellt</a> ist, wird man fordern, dass man die Gleichung (1') nach <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \partial _{t}^{k}u}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>u</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \partial _{t}^{k}u}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a9e4dd19039d27d228c469ee027c9c11993d2711.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.762ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \partial _{t}^{k}u}" loading="lazy"></span> auflösen kann. Das Cauchy-Problem hat dann die Form
</p>
<dl><dd>(1") <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \partial _{t}^{k}u(x,t)=G(x,t,(\partial _{x}^{\alpha }\partial _{t}^{j}u(x,t))_{|\alpha |+j\leq k,j<k})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>G</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \partial _{t}^{k}u(x,t)=G(x,t,(\partial _{x}^{\alpha }\partial _{t}^{j}u(x,t))_{|\alpha |+j\leq k,j&lt;k})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d9bd748a874ac965add587891ea13f47545e260e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:42.338ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \partial _{t}^{k}u(x,t)=G(x,t,(\partial _{x}^{\alpha }\partial _{t}^{j}u(x,t))_{|\alpha |+j\leq k,j<k})}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd>(2") <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle u(x,0)=\varphi _{0}(x),\,\partial _{t}u(x,0)=\varphi _{1}(x),\,\dotsc ,\,\partial _{t}^{k-1}u(x,0)=\varphi _{k-1}(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle u(x,0)=\varphi _{0}(x),\,\partial _{t}u(x,0)=\varphi _{1}(x),\,\dotsc ,\,\partial _{t}^{k-1}u(x,0)=\varphi _{k-1}(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/884ce6d5e2c1d74b8710cfebed46acdb73541fa7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:62.532ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle u(x,0)=\varphi _{0}(x),\,\partial _{t}u(x,0)=\varphi _{1}(x),\,\dotsc ,\,\partial _{t}^{k-1}u(x,0)=\varphi _{k-1}(x)}" loading="lazy"></span>,</dd></dl>
<p>wobei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>G</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f5f3c8921a3b352de45446a6789b104458c9f90b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.827ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G}" loading="lazy"></span> eine geeignete Funktion der Stelligkeit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n-1+{\tbinom {n+k-1}{k}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OPEN">
<mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em">(</mo>
</mrow>
<mfrac linethickness="0">
<mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
</mfrac>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-CLOSE">
<mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n-1+{\tbinom {n+k-1}{k}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0b67956fc7b540151b688023e65bea0281ee3c9a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:15.59ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n-1+{\tbinom {n+k-1}{k}}}" loading="lazy"></span> sei.
In der zuletzt gegebenen Formulierung haben alle auftretenden Ableitungen eine Ordnung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \leq k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \leq k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/17f47ca487127f924b3d2025db2eeb1d7ec1dcdc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:3.665ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \leq k}" loading="lazy"></span>, und die <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span>-te Ableitung nach <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}" loading="lazy"></span> tritt tatsächlich auf, denn dies ist gerade die linke Seite von (1") und sie kommt nicht auf der rechten Seite von (1") vor. Man nennt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span> daher auch die Ordnung des Cauchy-Problems.
Das obige Beispiel der dreidimensionalen Wellengleichung ist offenbar leicht in diese Form zu bringen,
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \partial _{t}^{2}u=f+c^{2}\cdot \Delta u}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>c</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ<!-- Δ --></mi>
<mi>u</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \partial _{t}^{2}u=f+c^{2}\cdot \Delta u}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a1f3d6a38484bfa5e3504220974f6d1046da0c7d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:17.95ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \partial _{t}^{2}u=f+c^{2}\cdot \Delta u}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle fu(x,0)=\varphi _{0}(x),\,\partial _{t}u(x,0)=\varphi _{1}(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle fu(x,0)=\varphi _{0}(x),\,\partial _{t}u(x,0)=\varphi _{1}(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/32aa607f29c120b6199c0de3754188f27736a200.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:35.714ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle fu(x,0)=\varphi _{0}(x),\,\partial _{t}u(x,0)=\varphi _{1}(x)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>es liegt daher ein Cauchy-Problem der Ordnung 2 vor.
</p><p>Sind alle Cauchy-Daten analytisch, so sichert der <a href="Satz_von_Cauchy-Kowalewskaja" title="Satz von Cauchy-Kowalewskaja">Satz von Cauchy-Kowalewskaja</a> eindeutige Lösungen des Cauchy-Problems.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bestimmung_der_Integrationskonstante">Bestimmung der Integrationskonstante</h2></div>
<p>In der Schulmathematik wird die Bestimmung der Integrationskonstante eines <a href="Unbestimmtes_Integral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unbestimmtes Integral">unbestimmten Integrals</a> für einen gegebenen Punkt als Anfangswertproblem bezeichnet.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><b>Beispiel</b>
</p><p>Gesucht ist die Stammfunktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F_{C}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>F</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>C</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F_{C}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9a0d80a7bc3ddefd58510ffd70f537295c2a9434.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.976ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F_{C}}" loading="lazy"></span> der <a href="Gebrochenrationale_Funktion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gebrochenrationale Funktion">gebrochenrationalen Funktion</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> gegeben durch
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)={\frac {1}{x^{2}-2x+1}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)={\frac {1}{x^{2}-2x+1}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1a3fe886e0ff2647cdc0a583cd8948fd972b96b4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:20.071ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)={\frac {1}{x^{2}-2x+1}}}" loading="lazy"></span>,</dd></dl>
<p>die durch den Punkt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P(4|5)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>P</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>5</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P(4|5)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f8abc6a739fcf3a090c31b3ad10092d2cddf52c0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.526ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P(4|5)}" loading="lazy"></span> geht.
</p><p>Zunächst faktorisieren wir den Nenner:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)={\frac {1}{(x-1)^{2}}}=(x-1)^{-2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)={\frac {1}{(x-1)^{2}}}=(x-1)^{-2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/86798fe6c785df97edb295a68520ebaf25ca608a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:29.121ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)={\frac {1}{(x-1)^{2}}}=(x-1)^{-2}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Nun können wir <a href="Integration_durch_Substitution" title="Integration durch Substitution">substituieren</a>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \int u^{-2}\cdot 1\,\mathrm {d} u=-u^{-1}=-{\frac {1}{x-1}}+C}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>u</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>u</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>C</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \int u^{-2}\cdot 1\,\mathrm {d} u=-u^{-1}=-{\frac {1}{x-1}}+C}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a0f3b805f206d06a819cfaf35ea04c39a4b7afc4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:36.345ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \int u^{-2}\cdot 1\,\mathrm {d} u=-u^{-1}=-{\frac {1}{x-1}}+C}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Als nächstes müssen wir die x-Koordinate des Punktes einsetzen und den Term mit dem y-Wert gleichsetzen
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -{\frac {1}{4-1}}+C=5\quad \Leftrightarrow \quad C={\frac {16}{3}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>C</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>5</mn>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
<mo stretchy="false">⇔<!-- ⇔ --></mo>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
<mi>C</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>16</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -{\frac {1}{4-1}}+C=5\quad \Leftrightarrow \quad C={\frac {16}{3}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5cf5ce9349f86583605eb40535d03172695b3e56.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:32.962ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle -{\frac {1}{4-1}}+C=5\quad \Leftrightarrow \quad C={\frac {16}{3}}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Die gesuchte Stammfunktion lautet demnach:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F_{C}(x)=-{\frac {1}{x-1}}+{\frac {16}{3}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>F</mi>
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<mo>+</mo>
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<mfrac>
<mn>16</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F_{C}(x)=-{\frac {1}{x-1}}+{\frac {16}{3}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f87c5e538992877b32352439f6a68bfc881d72e9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:23.192ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F_{C}(x)=-{\frac {1}{x-1}}+{\frac {16}{3}}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abstraktes_Cauchy-Problem">Abstraktes Cauchy-Problem</h2></div>
<p>Seien <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>X</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/68baa052181f707c662844a465bfeeb135e82bab.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.98ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X}" loading="lazy"></span> ein <a href="Banachraum" title="Banachraum">Banachraum</a> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A\colon D(A)\subset X\rightarrow X}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mi>D</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⊂<!-- ⊂ --></mo>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi>X</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A\colon D(A)\subset X\rightarrow X}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fb754e60d6085189edacd450a5ba763f0f7daaa9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.926ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A\colon D(A)\subset X\rightarrow X}" loading="lazy"></span> ein <a href="Linearer_Operator" title="Linearer Operator">linearer</a> oder nichtlinearer Operator. Die Fragestellung, ob bei gegebenem <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T>0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
<mo>&gt;</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T&gt;0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e39e90b9e1e7d5be3b5eae57729dc63494bbe3fd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.897ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T>0}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle u_{0}\in X}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>u</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>X</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle u_{0}\in X}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8fa036cfc6caa529e76fa776fb44cd2a131055f0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.205ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle u_{0}\in X}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\colon (0,T)\rightarrow X}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>T</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi>X</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\colon (0,T)\rightarrow X}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/36df74367550833e6e3936d26af059874aaa002b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.549ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\colon (0,T)\rightarrow X}" loading="lazy"></span> eine differenzierbare Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle u\colon [0,T)\rightarrow X}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>u</mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>T</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi>X</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle u\colon [0,T)\rightarrow X}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9634fe74c3a75145df59dc614b283290611e88b2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.342ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle u\colon [0,T)\rightarrow X}" loading="lazy"></span> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle u(t)\in D(A)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>D</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle u(t)\in D(A)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d942740e260f462f36702a18bfbc267a47331067.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.296ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle u(t)\in D(A)}" loading="lazy"></span> für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T>t>0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
<mo>&gt;</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>&gt;</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T&gt;t&gt;0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a4736e52b8a8bda262674cae528e629b21ee6c9a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:9.835ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T>t>0}" loading="lazy"></span> existiert, die das Anfangswertproblem
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}u'(t)+A(u(t))&amp;=&amp;f(t),&amp;\quad T>t>0\\u(0)&amp;=&amp;u_{0}&amp;\end{matrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mtr>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
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<mo>+</mo>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>=</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
<mi>T</mi>
<mo>&gt;</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>&gt;</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}u'(t)+A(u(t))&amp;=&amp;f(t),&amp;\quad T&gt;t&gt;0\\u(0)&amp;=&amp;u_{0}&amp;\end{matrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ce2379b94ea385dc824e365f6aefcdf31f0bb8da.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:41.294ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}u'(t)+A(u(t))&amp;=&amp;f(t),&amp;\quad T>t>0\\u(0)&amp;=&amp;u_{0}&amp;\end{matrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>erfüllt, bezeichnet man als <i>abstraktes Cauchy-Problem</i>. Zu ihrer Lösbarkeit benötigt man die Theorie der <a href="Stark_stetige_Halbgruppe" title="Stark stetige Halbgruppe">stark stetigen Halbgruppen</a> bzw. der <a href="Analytische_Halbgruppe" title="Analytische Halbgruppe">analytischen Halbgruppen</a>.
Zu den verschiedenen Anfangsbedingungen und Operatoren gibt es verschiedene Arten des Lösungsbegriffes, im linearen <a href="Distribution_(Mathematik)" title="Distribution (Mathematik)">distributionelle</a> Lösungen, im nichtlinearen die integrale Lösung. Mit klassisch differenzierbaren, beziehungsweise fast überall differenzierbaren Lösungen beschäftigt sich die nachgelagerte Regularitätstheorie.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Wolfgang Walter: <i>Gewöhnliche Differentialgleichungen: Eine Einführung.</i> 7. Auflage. Springer, 2000, ISBN 3-540-67642-2.</li>
<li>Isao Miyadera, Choong Yun Cho: <i>Nonlinear Semigroups.</i> American Mathemat. Soc., Providence, RI 1992, ISBN 0-8218-4565-9.</li>
<li>Amnon Pazy: <i>Semigroups of Linear Operators and Applications to Partial Differential Equations.</i> Springer-Verlag, New York 1983, ISBN 0-387-90845-5.</li>
<li>Gerald B. Folland: <i>Introduction to Partial Differential Equations.</i> Princeton University Press, 1976, ISBN 0-691-08177-8. (insbesondere Kapitel 1.C. für das allgemeine Cauchy-Problem).</li>
<li><a href="Martin_Hermann_(Mathematiker)" title="Martin Hermann (Mathematiker)">Martin Hermann</a>: <i>Numerik gewöhnlicher Differentialgleichungen. Band 1: Anfangswertprobleme und lineare Randwertprobleme</i>. 2., überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Walter de Gruyter Verlag, Berlin und Boston, 2017, ISBN 978-3-11-050036-3.</li>
<li><a href="Martin_Hermann_(Mathematiker)" title="Martin Hermann (Mathematiker)">Martin Hermann</a> und Masoud Saravi: <i>A First Course in Ordinary Differential Equations. Analytical and Numerical Methods.</i> Springer India, New Delhi et al., 2014. ISBN 978-81-322-1834-0.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li>Gert Lube: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lp.uni-goettingen.de/get/text/1735"><i>Anfangswertaufgaben.</i></a> (Skript, <a href="Georg-August-Universit%C3%A4t_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Georg-August-Universität Göttingen">Universität Göttingen</a>)</li>
<li>Clemens Brand: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://institute.unileoben.ac.at/amat/lehrbetrieb/num/vl-skript/skripts05/node85.html"><i>Illustrationen zu einem einfachen Anfangswertproblem.</i></a> (Skript, <a href="Montanuniversit%C3%A4t_Leoben" title="Montanuniversität Leoben">Uni Leoben</a>)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taramath.de/tools/ode"><i>taramath Online-Tool</i></a> zur Lösung von Anfangswertproblemen.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rannacher, Rolf: <cite style="font-style:italic">Numerik 1. Numerik gewöhnlicher Differentialgleichungen</cite>. Heidelberg 2017, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>13</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Anfangswertproblem&amp;rft.au=Rannacher%2C+Rolf&amp;rft.btitle=Numerik+1.+Numerik+gew%C3%B6hnlicher+Differentialgleichungen&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=13&amp;rft.place=Heidelberg" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anton Bigalke, Norbert Köhler: <cite style="font-style:italic">Mathematik. Gymnasiale Oberstufe Berlin Grundkurs ma-2.</cite> Cornelsen Verlag/Volk und Wissen Verlag, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-06-040002-7, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>27</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Anfangswertproblem&amp;rft.au=Anton+Bigalke%2C+Norbert+K%C3%B6hler&amp;rft.btitle=Mathematik.+Gymnasiale+Oberstufe+Berlin+Grundkurs+ma-2.&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783060400027&amp;rft.pages=27&amp;rft.place=Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Cornelsen+Verlag%2FVolk+und+Wissen+Verlag" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
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